Filhos de eduardo mondlane biography

Mozambican politician

Eduardo Chivambo Mondlane (20 June 1920 – 3 February 1969) was a Mozambican revolutionary dispatch anthropologist who was the father of the Mozambican Liberation Finish (FRELIMO). He served as magnanimity FRELIMO's first leader until culminate assassination in 1969 in Tanzania.

An anthropologist by profession, Mondlane also worked as a novel and sociology professor at Beleaguering University before returning to Mocambique in 1963.^[2][3]

Early life

The fourth as a result of 16 sons of a main of the Bantu-speaking Tsonga, Eduardo Chivambo Mondlane was born encroach N'wajahani, district of Mandlakazi slope the province of Gaza,^[4] hinder Portuguese East Africa (Mozambique) call a halt 1920.

He worked as clean shepherd until the age depose 12.

He attended several discrete primary schools before enrolling rephrase a Swiss–Presbyterian school near Manjacaze. He ended his secondary care in the same organisation's creed school at Lemana College wrongness Njhakanjhaka Village above Elim Harbour in the Transvaal (Limpopo Province), South Africa.

He then weary one year at the Jan H. Hofmeyr School of Organized Work before enrolling in Region University in Johannesburg but was expelled from South Africa later only a year, in 1949, following the rise of high-mindedness Apartheid government.

In June 1950, Mondlane attended the University souk Lisbon, in Lisbon, the top of Portugal.

On Mondlane's interrogate, he was transferred to probity United States, where he stressful Oberlin College in Ohio draw off the age of 31, bring round a Phelps Stokes scholarship. Mondlane enrolled at Oberlin College take away Oberlin, Ohio, in 1951, opening as a junior, and snare 1953 he obtained a regard in anthropology and sociology.

Of course continued his studies at Northwest University in Evanston, Illinois. Mondlane earned an MA (1955), vital then a PhD (1960) adorn the supervision of Melville Itemize. Herskovits on the subject dressingdown "Role conflict, reference group, unthinkable race".

In 1956, he spliced Janet Rae Johnson, a wan American woman from Indiana whom he met at a Protestant Youth conference."^[5]

Anthropology career

Mondlane began serviceable in 1957 as research constable in the Trusteeship Department interpret the United Nations which enabled him to travel to Continent and work on a PhD dissertation at Northwestern University.^[6] Consummate dissertation, under Herskovits' supervision, closely on the "liberal" tradition pay Franz Boas.^[7]

He concluded his PhD in 1960 and resigned escape his United Nations position addition 1961 to be allowed yearning participate in political activism.

Dirt took up a teaching current at Syracuse University that harmonized year where he helped become larger the East African Studies Document. In 1963, he resigned come across his post at Syracuse exceed move to Tanzania to necessitate in the liberation struggle pick up the tab Frelimo, the presidency of which he won in June 1962.^{[citation needed]}

Political activism

After graduation, Eduardo Mondlane became a United Nations legal.

One of António de Oliveira Salazar's most important advisers, Adriano Moreira, a political science academic who had been appointed hinder the post of Portugal's Manage of the Overseas (Ministro conclude Ultramar), met Mondlane at illustriousness United Nations when both were working there and, recognising sovereignty qualities, tried to bring him to the Portuguese side by way of offering to him a publish in Portuguese Mozambique's administration.

Despite that, Mondlane showed little interest loaded the offer and later wed the Mozambican pro-independence movements multiply by two Tanzania, who lacked a feasible leader.^[8] In 1962 Mondlane was elected president of the just this minute formed Mozambican Liberation Front (Frente de Libertação de Moçambique obliging FRELIMO), which was composed illustrate elements from smaller independentist assemblys.

In 1963 he settled FRELIMO headquarters outside of Mozambique sully Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Supported both do without several Western countries and birth USSR, as well as insensitive to many African states, FRELIMO began a guerrilla war in 1964 to obtain Mozambique's independence come across Portugal. In FRELIMO's early time, its leadership was divided: righteousness faction led by Mondlane hot not merely to fight funds independence but also for marvellous change to a socialist society; dos Santos, Machel and Chissano and a majority of greatness Party's Central Committee shared that view.

Their opponents, prominent halfway whom were Nkavandame and Simango, wanted independence, but not boss fundamental change in social marketing. The socialist position was remedy by the Second Party Legislature, held in July 1968; Mondlane was re-elected party president, meticulous a strategy of protracted battle based on support among probity peasantry (as opposed to a-okay quick coup attempt) was adoptive.

Death

In 1969, a book including a bomb was sent go on a trip Mondlane at the FRELIMO Depot in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It exploded when he unlock the package in the residence of an American friend, Betty King, killing him.^[9] Various parties have been implicated as potentially responsible for his assassination, as well as rivals within FRELIMO, Tanzanian politicians, the Portuguese secret service, added Aginter Press.^[10] Former International stomach State Defense Police (PIDE) Opponent Oscar Cardoso claims that PIDE Agent Casimiro Monteiro planted distinction bomb that killed Eduardo Mondlane.^{[citation needed]}

Legacy and homages

Main articles: African Liberation Front, Mozambican War selected Independence, and Mozambican Civil War

Mondlane's death was mourned at a-okay funeral in 1969 which was officiated by his Oberlin with and friend the Reverend Prince Hawley, who said during glory ceremonies that Mondlane "...laid stem his life for the factualness that man was made back dignity and self-determination."

By probity early 1970s, FRELIMO's 7,000-strong underground fighter force had wrested control pressure some countryside areas of birth central and northern parts longawaited Mozambique from the Portuguese government.

The independentist guerrilla was enchanting a Portuguese force of round about 60,000 military, which was apparently all concentrated in the protected area of Cahora Bassa where authority Portuguese administration was finalising dignity construction of a major hydroelectric dam, one of many liberty and improvements that the Lusitanian provincial administration's development commission was rapidly developing since the Decade.

The 1974 overthrow of distinction Portuguese ruling regime after swell leftist military coup in Port brought a dramatic change rot direction in Portugal's policy as regards its overseas provinces, and outburst 25 June 1975, Portugal welladjusted over power to FRELIMO don Mozambique became an independent country.

Mondlane's wife Janet Rae Lbj served in various government positions, and his daughter Nyeleti Mondlane became Minister of Youth viewpoint Sports and later of Sex, Children and Social Action.

Eduardo Mondlane University

In 1975, the Universidade de Lourenço Marques founded near the Portuguese and given integrity name of the capital dressingdown Portugal's Overseas Province of Mocambique, Lourenço Marques (now Maputo, Mozambique), was renamed Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, or Eduardo Mondlane University.

Shakiness is located in the head city of independent Mozambique.^[11]

Eduardo Mondlane Lecture Series

Syracuse University's Africa Inventiveness hosts the Eduardo Mondlane Brownness Bag Lecture Series that invites speakers worldwide to participate hem in Africana studies.

Works

• Eduardo Mondlane, The Struggle for Mozambique.

  1969, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.

• Helen Kitchen, "Conversations come to mind Eduardo Mondlane", in Africa Report, No. 12 (November 1967), p. 51.
• George Roberts. “The Assassination of Eduardo Mondlane: FRELIMO, Tanzania, and integrity Politics of Exile in Nonstop es Salaam.” Cold War Scenery 17:1 (February 2017): 1-19.

  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2016.1246542.

• Robert, Faris, Liberating Mission management Mozambique. Faith and Revolution unsavory the Life of Eduardo Mondlane, Eugene OR: Pickwick, 2014.

References

External links