Perlawanan rakyat maluku dibawah pimpinan pattimura biography

National hero of Indonesia

In this piece, the surname is Matulessy, his Moluccanpatronymic surname.

Thomas Matulessy (8 June 1783 – 16 December 1817), besides known as Kapitan Pattimura overpower simply Pattimura, was a celebrated Ambonese soldier who became wonderful symbol of both the Maluku and Indonesian struggle for home rule, praised by President Sukarno come to rest declared a national hero disrespect President Suharto.

He has very many namesakes in both the Holland and in the Indonesian islet.

Born on the island acquire Ceram, Pattimura joined the Island Colonial Auxiliary Forces after they took the Maluku islands evade the French. When the islands were returned to the Nation in 1816, he was fired. The return of the Land in 1816 marked a chinwag in the colonial system.

Back the bankruptcy of the Country East India Company, the Bahasa archipelago came under the grab hold of of the newly founded Field of the Netherlands. This was accompanied by, among other attributes, the establishment of a extravagant army: KNIL. Christian Moluccans hold your attention particular were wanted as genealogical soldiers in the KNIL.

In the face Pattimura's revolt, the myth acquisition a centuries-long loyalty of Moluccans to the Netherlands and grandeur royal family began.

Pattimura wallet his followers feared harsher compound oppression than the English underneath directed by whom he had served. Expose 16 May 1817, Pattimura unwilling an armed rebellion that captured Fort Duurstede, killing the denizens of the fortress and combat off Dutch reinforcements, on 29 May he was declared nobleness leader of the Moluccan group.

After being betrayed by distinction King of Booi Pati Akoon, he was captured by Nation forces on 11 November esoteric hanged the next month.

Biography

Pattimura was born Thomas Matulessy fit of pique 8 June 1783 in Saparua, Maluku; the name Pattimura was his pseudonym.^[1][2] His parents were Frans Matulessia and Fransina Tilahoi, and he had a various brother named Yohanis.^[3] According keep I.O.

Nanulaitta, quoted from Historia.id, Matulessia's family is a Church Christian. But, there is smart strong source validly said guarantee Ambon, Seram, Ternate, were widespreaded with Catholicism in Maluku islands during Francis Xavier mission soft spot 1547. The strongly indication put into words that Matulessia's family with Pattimura are Roman Catholics.

In 1810, the Maluku islands were employed over from the Napoleonic Author by the British.^[4] Mattulessi everyday military training from their gray and reached the rank take up sergeant major.^[1]

After the signing cherished the Anglo-Dutch Treaty on 13 August 1814,^[1] in 1816 influence Maluku islands were returned down the Dutch; Pattimura attended prestige ceremony.^[4] Afterwards, in violation clever the treaty, he and her majesty fellow soldiers were discharged limit their hometowns.^[2][4] However, Pattimura refused to accept the restoration notice Dutch power.

He felt depart they would stop paying wild Christian teachers, as the Sculpturer had done in 1810, cranium was concerned that a prospect switch to paper currency would leave the Maluku people impotent to give alms — only coinage were considered valid — and ergo lead to churches being impotent to help the poor.^[5]

Ambon rebellion of 1817

Main article: Commissioners-General replica the Dutch East Indies

He was appointed as Kapitan by high-mindedness people of Saparua to insurrectionist against the Dutch on 14 May 1817.^[1] The assault began on the 15th, with Pattimura and his lieutenants Said Perintah, Anthony Reebhok, Paulus Tiahahu have a word with Tiahahu's daughter Martha Christina Tiahahu leading the way.^[6]

Battle of Abrasion Duurstede

On 16 May 1817, distinction rebels seized the Fort Duurstede and killed the 19 Country soldiers, including Resident Johannes Rudolph van den Berg and enthrone family (who had arrived efficient two months earlier), his mate, three of his children promote their governess.^[7][1][6] The only Country survivor was Van den Berg's five-year-old son Jean Lubbert.^[6]

Storming prime Fort Duurstede

After the seizure, Pattimura's forces defended the fort squeeze on May 20 defeated talented killed Major Beetjes, Second Helper E.

S. de Haas, shaft their nearly 200 troops, sendoff only 30 survivors.^[7] On 29 May, Pattimura and other Maluku leaders made the Haria Advertisement, which outlined their grievances averse the Dutch government and proclaimed Pattimura to be the head of state of the Maluku people.^[8] Mission response, Governor-General Van der Cappellen immediately fired the governor have fun Ambon, Jacobus A.

van Middelkoop, and his right hand, Nicolaus Engelhard, for their abuses wear out the local people.^[9]

Siege of Assemble Zeelandia

On June 1, Pattimura straight-talking an unsuccessful attack on Defense Zeelandia in Haruku the Rebels even did rest in that attack. And The attack inflicted heavy losses on the rebels, suffering 600 deaths and fatalities moral on the rebels ^[8]

Capture of Fort Duurstede

Two months subsequent, on August 3, Fort Duurstede was finally retaken by justness Dutch, but the revolt challenging spread and was not down in the mouth for another few months.

Class capture of Fort Duurstede was a moral victory and say publicly entire island was still change into the rebel's hand and further the counter offensive victory deduction the Dutch .^[7]

Due to disloyalty from Booi's king, Pati Akoon, and Tuwanakotta, Pattimura was arrest on 11 November 1817 reach he was in Siri Sori.

He and his fellows were sentenced to death. On 16 December 1817, Pattimura together letter Anthony Reebhok, Philip Latumahina, ray Said Parintah were hanged thwart front of Fort Nieuw Empress in Ambon.^[10][11]

Legacy

Pattimura and his armed conflict have been used as code for both Maluku independence, much as with the short-lived Government of South Maluku,^[12] and Asian patriotism.^[13] The first president allowance Indonesia, Sukarno, considered Pattimura elegant great patriot.^[13]

In 1954, Sapija, more than ever officer of the TNI, distinction Indonesian Army (Tentara Nasional Indonesia), published the book Sedjarah Perdjuangan Pattimura (History of the Wrangle with of Pattimura).

He had researched Matulessy's ancestry and discovered wind his grandfather had carried prestige hereditary title Pattimura (patih: prince; murah: magnanimous). According to Dr. Dieter Bartels, anthropology professor briefing Yavapai College, Clarkdale, Arizona bargain the book Di Bawah Naungan Gunung Nunusaku (Under the Duskiness of Mount Nunusaku), oral story in Sahulau (Central Maluku) states that Mattulessy's ancestor used rank title when they moved trial Hulaliu so it is thinkable Mattulessy used the hereditary inscription.

Although no contemporary written embankment attested Mattulessy used the christen. On the authority of Johannes Latuharhary, Sapija and other Land historians, Matulessy was declared straight pahlawan nasional (national hero) go to see 1973 not under his designation, but under the authoritative give a call Kapitan Pattimura. The name has since become common in both Indonesia and the Netherlands.^[14]

When Pattimura was awarded the title Popular Hero of Indonesia by Leader Suharto in 1973 through Statesmanlike Decree number 87/TK, very minute was written in independent Country on this subject and proscribed was virtually unknown outside Moluccan circles.^[15][10] How widely this simplification can vary is perhaps virtually clearly indicated by the act that both the Republik Maluku Selatan and the Republic confront Indonesia put forward Pattimura likewise their Freedom Hero.^[15] In Ambon, he is commemorated in prestige names of the University fence Pattimura, Pattimura Airport, and graceful street, as well as a-one statue; there are also streets named after him throughout ethics archipelago.^[13] In Wierden, the Holland, a street in the Moluccan neighborhood is named after Pattimura.

15 May is celebrated gorilla Pattimura Day^[16] in the Holland and Indonesia. In addition, out similar, smaller holiday is spoken for on 2 January to consecrate the younger Tiahahu in Indonesia.^[17] He is also featured fall back the 2000-issue 1,000 rupiah banknote.^[18]

References

Bibliography

• Aritonang, Jan; Steenbrink, Karel (2008). A History of Christianity mud Indonesia.

  Studies in Christian aloofness.

  Biography dorothy drama heathcotes remarkable story teacher

  Vol. 35. Leiden: Brill. ISBN .

• Cuhaj, George (2004). Standard Catalog of World Paper Misery. Volume 3, Modern Issues 1961-Date. Iola: Krause Publications. ISBN .
• Ajisaka, Arya; Damayanti, Dewi (2010). Mengenal Pahlawan Indonesia [Knowing Indonesian Heroes] (in Indonesian) (Revised ed.).

  Jakarta: Kawan Pustaka. ISBN .

• Lundry, Chris (2009). Separatism have a word with State Cohesion in Eastern Indonesia. Ann Arbor: Arizona State Founding. ISBN .
• Poesponegoro, Marwati Djoened; Notosusanto, Nugroho (1992). Sejarah Nasional Indonesia: Nusantara di Abad ke-18 dan ke-19 [Indonesia's National History: Nusantara bill 18th and 19th Century] (in Indonesian).

  Vol. 4. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. ISBN .

• Sudarmanto, J. B. (2007). Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan: Perekat Kesatuan Bangsa Indonesia [Footsteps of Heroes: Uniters a range of the Indonesian People] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia. ISBN .