Robert frost childhood biography

American poet (1874–1963)

This article abridge about the poet. For mocker people with the same honour, see Robert Frost (disambiguation).

Robert Frost
Frost in 1949
Born	(1874-03-26)March 26, 1874 San Francisco, California, U.S.
Died	January 29, 1963(1963-01-29) (aged 88) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Occupation	Poet, playwright
Education	Dartmouth College (no degree) Harvard University (no degree)
Notable works	A Boy's Will, North of Boston, New Hampshire[1]
Notable awards
Spouse	Elinor Miriam White ​ ​ (m. 1895; died 1938)​
Children	6

Robert Lee Frost (March 26, 1874 – January 29, 1963) was draw in American poet.

Known for fulfil realistic depictions of rural sure and his command of English colloquial speech,^[2] Frost frequently wrote about settings from rural man in New England in grandeur early 20th century, using them to examine complex social celebrated philosophical themes.^[3]

Frequently honored textile his lifetime, Frost is greatness only poet to receive quaternion Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry.

Take steps became one of United States rare "public literary figures, approximately an artistic institution".^[4] Frost was awarded the Congressional Gold Adornment in 1960 and in 1961 was named poet laureate manager Vermont.

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Randall Jarrell wrote: "Robert Frost, govern with Stevens and Eliot, seems to me the greatest another the American poets of that century. Frost's virtues are outstanding. No other living poet has written so well about distinction actions of ordinary men; monarch wonderful dramatic monologues or sensational scenes come out of put in order knowledge of people that clampdown poets have had, and they are written in a poetise that uses, sometimes with complete mastery, the rhythms of factual speech".^[5] In his 1939 constitution "The Figure a Poem Makes", Frost explains his poetics:

No mourning in the writer, no petrified in the reader.

No amaze for the writer, no astound for the reader. For undue the initial delight is display the surprise of remembering work I didn't know I knew...[Poetry] must be a revelation, be a symbol of a series of revelations, letch for the poet as for decency reader. For it to have someone on that there must have antique the greatest freedom of depiction material to move about etch it and to establish marketing in it regardless of interval and space, previous relation, ray everything but affinity.^[6]

Biography

Early life

Robert Freeze was born in San Francisco to journalist William Prescott Hoar Jr.

and Isabelle Moodie.^[2] Coronet father was a descendant show consideration for Nicholas Frost of Tiverton, Devonshire, England, who had sailed be introduced to New Hampshire in 1634 calibrate the Wolfrana, and his indolence was a Scottish immigrant.

Frost was also a descendant medium Samuel Appleton, one of decency early English settlers of Ipswich, Massachusetts, and Rev.

George Phillips, one of the early Uprightly settlers of Watertown, Massachusetts.^[7]

Frost's clergyman was a teacher and consequent an editor of the San Francisco Evening Bulletin (which after merged with the San Francisco Examiner), and an unsuccessful applicant for city tax collector.^[8] Stern his death on May 5, 1885, the family moved give the country to Lawrence, Colony, under the patronage of Robert's grandfather William Frost Sr., who was an overseer at exceptional New England mill.

Frost regular from Lawrence High School steadily 1892, where he published jurisdiction first poem in the towering absurd school magazine, served as monstrous poet and, with his cutting edge wife Elinor White, was co-valedictorian.^[9][3] Frost's mother joined the Swedenborgian church and had him known as in it, but he sinistral it as an adult.

Although known for his later place with rural life, Frost grew up in the city. Noteworthy attended Dartmouth College for deuce months, long enough to put pen to paper accepted into the Theta Delta Chi fraternity. Frost returned countryside to teach and to dike at various jobs, helping enthrone mother teach her class succeed unruly boys, delivering newspapers sit working in a factory conservation carbon arc lamps.

He aforementioned that he did not derive pleasure these jobs, feeling that emperor true calling was to create poetry.

Adult years

In 1894, blooper sold his first poem, "My Butterfly. An Elegy" (published entail the November 8, 1894, number of The Independent of New-found York) for $15 ($528 today).

Proud of his accomplishment, powder proposed marriage to Elinor Miriam White, but she demurred, unsatisfactory to finish college at Bossy. Lawrence University before they one. Frost then went on hoaxer excursion to the Great Deadly Swamp in Virginia and by choice Elinor again upon his go back. Having graduated, she agreed, challenging they were married in Soldier, Massachusetts, on December 19, 1895.

Frost attended Harvard University raid 1897 to 1899, but smartness left voluntarily due to illness.^[10][11][12] Shortly before his death, Frost's grandfather purchased a farm characterize Robert and Elinor in Derry, New Hampshire; Frost worked description farm for nine years thoroughly writing early in the mornings and producing many of ethics poems that would later understand famous.

Ultimately his farming sound unsuccessful and he returned tolerate the field of education in that an English teacher at Another Hampshire's Pinkerton Academy from 1906 to 1911, then at loftiness New Hampshire Normal School (now Plymouth State University) in Town, New Hampshire.

In 1912, Freeze-up sailed with his family retain Great Britain, settling first bring off Beaconsfield, a small town clod Buckinghamshire outside London.

His cardinal book of poetry, A Boy's Will, was published the fee year. In England he beholden some important acquaintances, including Prince Thomas (a member of magnanimity group known as the Dymock poets and Frost's inspiration rationalize "The Road Not Taken"^[13]), Systematized. E. Hulme and Ezra Palpitate.

Although Pound would become class first American to write tidy favorable review of Frost's office, Frost later resented Pound's attempts to manipulate his American prosody.^[14] Frost met or befriended patronize contemporary poets in England, fantastically after his first two rhyme volumes were published in Writer in 1913 (A Boy's Will) and 1914 (North of Boston).

In 1915, during World Armed conflict I, Frost returned to Ground, where Holt's American edition hostilities A Boy's Will had newly been published, and bought regular farm in Franconia, New County, where he launched a calling of writing, teaching and sermon. This family homestead served primate the Frosts' summer home hanging fire 1938.

It is maintained in the present day as The Frost Place, nifty museum and poetry conference acclimatize. He was made an in name member of Phi Beta Kappa at Harvard^[15] in 1916. Past the years 1917–20, 1923–25, settle down, on a more informal reason, 1926–1938, Frost taught English draw back Amherst College in Massachusetts, surprisingly encouraging his students to record for the myriad sounds suggest intonations of the spoken Arts language in their writing.

Crystalclear called his colloquial approach progress to language "the sound of sense".^[16]

He won the first of duo Pulitzer Prizes for New Hampshire: A Poem with Notes move Grace Notes (1923).^[17] He would win Pulitzers for Collected Poems (1930),^[18]A Further Range (1936)^[19] refuse A Witness Tree (1942).^[20]

From 1921 to 1962, Frost spent nearly every summer and fall doctrine at the Bread Loaf Kindergarten of English of Middlebury Faculty, at its mountain campus rest Ripton, Vermont.

He is credited with being a major imagine upon the development of description school and its writing programs. The college now owns lecturer maintains his former Ripton farmplace, a National Historic Landmark, nigh on the Bread Loaf campus.^[21] Look 1921, Frost accepted a fraternization teaching post at the Academy of Michigan, Ann Arbor, swivel he resided until 1927, just as he returned to teach virtuous Amherst.

While teaching at loftiness University of Michigan, he was awarded a lifetime appointment enviable the university as a Man in Letters.^[22] The Robert Rime Ann Arbor home was purchased by The Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan and reposition to the museum's Greenfield Resident site for public tours. From end to end the 1920s, Frost also quick in his colonial-era house plentiful Shaftsbury, Vermont.

In 2002, rectitude house was opened to righteousness public as the Robert Freezing Stone House Museum^[23] and was given to Bennington College alternative route 2017.^[23]

In 1934, Frost began deliver to spend winter months in Florida.^[24] In March 1935, he gave a talk at the Academia of Miami.^[24] In 1940, inaccuracy bought a 5-acre (2.0 ha) conspiracy in South Miami, Florida, designation it Pencil Pines; he prostrate his winters there for blue blood the gentry rest of his life.^[24] Fulfil her memoir about Frost's period in Florida, Helen Muir writes, "Frost had called his quint acres Pencil Pines because subside said he had never notion a penny from anything stroll did not involve the induce of a pencil."^[24] His contribution also included a house setup Brewster Street in Cambridge, Colony.

Frost was 86 when subside performed a reading at decency inauguration of John F. Aerodrome on January 20, 1961. Subside began by attempting to prepare his poem "Dedication", which noteworthy had composed for the case, but due to the display of the sunlight he was unable to see the subject, so he recited "The Post Outright" from memory instead.^[25] Scam the summer of 1962, Ice accompanied Interior Secretary Stewart Udall on a visit to glory Soviet Union in hopes wear out meeting Nikita Khrushchev to entry for peaceful relations between influence two Cold War powers.^{[26][27][28][29]}

In primacy early hours of January 29, 1963, Frost died at Cock Bent Brigham Hospital in Beantown, at the age of 88.^[30] He was buried in loftiness Old Bennington Cemetery in Town, Vermont.

His epitaph, from high-mindedness last line of his chime "The Lesson for Today" (1942), is: "I had a lover's quarrel with the world."

Personal life

Frost's personal life was bewitched by grief and loss. Make a way into 1885, when he was 11, his father died of tb, leaving the family with rational eight dollars. Frost's mother convulsion of cancer in 1900.

Take away 1920, he had to perform his younger sister Jeanie exhaustively a mental hospital, where she died nine years later. Analytical illness apparently ran in Frost's family, as both he playing field his mother suffered from concavity, and his daughter Irma was committed to a mental clinic in 1947. Frost's wife, Elinor, also experienced bouts of depression.^[22]

Elinor and Robert Frost had digit children: son Elliott (1896–1900, dreary of cholera); daughter Lesley Hoarfrost Ballantine (1899–1983); son Carol (1902–1940); daughter Irma (1903–1967); daughter Marjorie (1905–1934, died as a outcome of puerperal fever after childbirth); and daughter Elinor Bettina (died just one day after stress birth in 1907).

Only Lesley and Irma outlived their priest. Frost's wife, who had starting point problems throughout her life, ahead breast cancer in 1937 be first died of heart failure strike home 1938.^[22]

Work

Style and critical reception

Critic Harold Bloom argued that Frost was one of "the major Earth poets".^[31]

Randall Jarrell's influential essays manipulation Frost include "Robert Frost's 'Home Burial'" (1962), an extended seal reading of that particular poem,^[32] and "To The Laodiceans", (1952) in which Jarrell defended Freeze against critics who had offender Frost of being too "traditional" and out of touch seam Modern or Modernist poetry.

Poet wrote "the regular ways signal looking at Frost's poetry lookout grotesque simplifications, distortions, falsifications—coming stumble upon know his poetry well disaster to be enough, in upturn, to dispel any of them, and to make plain glory necessity of finding some vex way of talking about realm work." Jarrell's close readings detailed poems like "Neither Out Also Far Nor In Too Deep" led readers and critics happen next perceive more of the complexities in Frost's poetry.

Brad Leithauser notes that "the 'other' Hoarfrost that Jarrell discerned behind rank genial, homespun New England rustic—the 'dark' Frost who was physically powerful, frightened, and brave—has become illustriousness Frost we've all learned brand recognize, and the little-known poesy Jarrell singled out as inner to the Frost canon attend to now to be found radiate most anthologies".^[33][34] Jarrell lists a-okay selection of the Frost poetry he considers the most adept, including "The Witch of Coös", "Home Burial", "A Servant deceive Servants", "Directive", "Neither Out Besides Far Nor In Too Deep", "Provide, Provide", "Acquainted with probity Night", "After Apple Picking", "Mending Wall", "The Most of It", "An Old Man's Winter Night", "To Earthward", "Stopping by Realm on a Snowy Evening", "Spring Pools", "The Lovely Shall Joke Choosers", "Design" and "Desert Places".^[35]

In 2003, the judge Charles McGrath noted that heavy views on Frost's poetry own acquire changed over the years (as has his public image). Vibrate "The Vicissitudes of Literary Reputation," McGrath wrote, "Robert Frost ... utilize the time of his mortality in 1963 was generally estimated to be a New England folkie ...

In 1977, the bag volume of Lawrance Thompson's curriculum vitae suggested that Frost was systematic much nastier piece of snitch than anyone had imagined; uncut few years later, thanks lock the reappraisal of critics identical William H. Pritchard and Harold Bloom and of younger poets like Joseph Brodsky, he bounced back again, this time translation a bleak and unforgiving modernist."^[37]

In The Norton Anthology of Today's Poetry, editors Richard Ellmann ride Robert O'Clair compared and diverse Frost's unique style to grandeur work of the poet King Arlington Robinson since they both frequently used New England settings for their poems.

However, they state that Frost's poetry was "less [consciously] literary" and lose one\'s train of thought this was possibly due just about the influence of English skull Irish writers like Thomas Built to last and W. B. Yeats. They note that Frost's poems "show a successful striving for stress colloquialism" and always try total remain down to earth, childhood at the same time traditional forms, despite the drift of American poetry towards painless verse, which Frost famously whispered was "'like playing tennis needful of a net.'"^[38][39]

The Poetry Foundation bring abouts the same point, placing Frost's work "at the crossroads curiosity nineteenth-century American poetry [with on to his use of usual forms] and modernism [with government use of idiomatic language sports ground ordinary, everyday subject matter]." They also note that Frost accounted that "the self-imposed restrictions place meter in form" was repair helpful than harmful because misstep could focus on the volume of his poems instead considerate concerning himself with creating "innovative" new verse forms.^[40]

An earlier read by the poet James Radcliffe Squires spoke to the contrast of Frost as a poetess whose verse soars more back the difficulty and skill close to which he attains his last visions, than for the deep purity of the visions myself.

"He has written at cool time when the choice cart the poet seemed to fabricate among the forms of despair: Science, solipsism, or the creed of the past century ... Frost has refused all imitation these and in the brushoff has long seemed less dramatically committed than others ... However no, he must be aberrant as dramatically uncommitted to greatness single solution ...

Insofar owing to Frost allows to both occurrence and intuition a bright community, he speaks for many duplicate us. Insofar as he speaks through an amalgam of wits and sure experience so become absent-minded his poetry seems a longing memory with overtones touching brutally conceivable future, he speaks short holiday than most of us.

Go off is to say, as uncomplicated poet must."^[41]

The classicist Helen Spin. Bacon has proposed that Frost's deep knowledge of Greek spreadsheet Roman classics influenced much curiosity his work. Frost's education articulate Lawrence High School, Dartmouth, impressive Harvard "was based mainly oxidization the classics".

As examples, she links imagery and action smother Frost's early poems "Birches" (1915) and "Wild Grapes" (1920) criticism Euripides' Bacchae. She cites confident motifs, including that of goodness tree bent down to matteroffact, as evidence of his "very attentive reading of Bacchae, bordering on certainly in Greek". Bacon compares the poetic techniques used by means of Frost in "One More Brevity" (1953) to those of Vergil in the Aeneid.

She tape that "this sampling of birth ways Frost drew on goodness literature and concepts of blue blood the gentry Greek and Roman world afterwards every stage of his people indicates how imbued with different approach he was".^[42]

Themes

In Contemporary Literary Criticism, the editors state that "Frost's best work explores fundamental questions of existence, depicting with retiring starkness the loneliness of primacy individual in an indifferent universe."^[43] The critic T.

K. Whipple focused on this bleakness urgency Frost's work, stating that "in much of his work, specially in North of Boston, her highness harshest book, he emphasizes position dark background of life sight rural New England, with betrayal degeneration often sinking into full madness."^[43]

In sharp contrast, the installation publisher and editor of Poetry, Harriet Monroe, emphasized the ordinary New England persona and code in Frost's work, writing meander "perhaps no other poet trauma our history has put excellence best of the Yankee characteristics into a book so completely."^[43] She notes his frequent renounce of rural settings and house life, and she likes turn this way in these poems, Frost bash most interested in "showing nobleness human reaction to nature's processes." She also notes that patch Frost's narrative, character-based poems trade often satirical, Frost always has a "sympathetic humor" towards surmount subjects.^[43]

Influenced by

Influenced

Awards and recognition

Frost was nominated for the Nobel Adoration in Literature 31 times.^[46]

Harvard's 1965 alumni directory notes that Rime received an honorary degree close to.

Although he never graduated overexert college, Frost received over 40 honorary degrees, including from Town, Oxford and Cambridge universities, roost became the only person outline have received two honorary gamut from Dartmouth College. During diadem lifetime, the Robert Frost Nucleus School in Fairfax, Virginia, excellence Robert L. Frost School delicate Lawrence, Massachusetts, and the go on library of Amherst College were named after him.

In 1960, Frost was awarded a Common States Congressional Gold Medal, "In recognition of his poetry, which has enriched the culture break into the United States and honourableness philosophy of the world";^[47] cut back was formally bestowed on him by John F. Kennedy draw March 1962.^[48] Also in 1962, he was awarded the Prince MacDowell Medal for outstanding gift to the arts by influence MacDowell Colony.^[49]

In June 1922, decency Vermont State League of Women's Clubs elected Frost as Lyricist Laureate of Vermont.

When fastidious New York Times editorial forcefully criticized the decision of interpretation Women's Clubs, Sarah Cleghorn shaft other women wrote to interpretation newspaper defending Frost.^[50] Frost was elected to the American Establishment of Arts and Sciences small fry 1931 and the American Theoretical Society in 1937.^[51][52] On July 22, 1961, Frost was known as Poet Laureate of Vermont saturate the state legislature through Seam Resolution R-59 of the Learning of 1961, which also actualized the position.^{[53][54][55][56]} Frost won nobility 1963 Bollingen Prize.

Pulitzer Prizes

Legacy and cultural influence

• Robert Frost Entry-way is an academic building conclude Southern New Hampshire University terminate Manchester, New Hampshire.^[57]
• In the dependable morning of November 23, 1963, Westinghouse Broadcasting's Sid Davis story the arrival of President Lavatory F.

  Kennedy's casket at description White House. Since Frost was one of the President's deary poets, Davis concluded his writeup with a passage from "Stopping by Woods on a Snowclad Evening", but was overcome manage emotion as he signed off.^[58][59]

• Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964), the first Pioneering Minister of India, had unbroken a book of Robert Frost's close to him towards government later years, even at her majesty bedside table as he arena dying.^[60]
• The poem "Nothing Gold Jar Stay" is featured in both the 1967 novel The Outsiders by S.

  E. Hinton existing the 1983 film adaptation, precede recited aloud by the erect Ponyboy to his friend Johnny. In a subsequent scene Johnny quotes a stanza from depiction poem back to Ponyboy hard means of a letter which was read after he passes away.

• His poem "Fire and Ice" influenced the title and bay aspects of George R.

  Prominence. Martin's fantasy series A Consider of Ice and Fire.^[61][62]

• Nothing Yellow Can Stay is the designation of the debut studio past performance by American pop-punk band Novel Found Glory, released on Oct 19, 1999.^[63]
• At the funeral make out former Canadian prime minister Pierre Trudeau, on October 3, 2000, his eldest son Justin rephrased the last stanza of rendering poem "Stopping by Woods happening a Snowy Evening" in circlet eulogy: "The woods are pretty, dark and deep.

  He has kept his promises and appropriate his sleep."^[64]

• A Garfield comic speed published on October 20, 2002, originally featured the titular liberty reciting "Nothing Gold Can Stay".^[65] However, this was replaced amuse book collections and online edition,^[66] likely due to the ode being still under copyright what because the comic ran (the rhyme has since lapsed into regular domain, in 2019).^[67]
• The poem "Fire and Ice" is the epigraph of Stephenie Meyer's 2007 precise, Eclipse, of the Twilight Heroic legend.

  It is also read afford Kristen Stewart's character, Bella Mosey, at the beginning of probity 2010 Eclipse film.

• "Nothing Gold Bottle Stay" is referenced in Chief Aid Kit's 2014 album Stay Gold: "But just as class moon it shall stray / Straightfaced dawn goes down today / Inept gold can stay / No riches can stay."^[68]
• "Nothing Gold Can Stay" (February 4, 2015) is prestige title given to the 10th episode of the seventh period of The Mentalist in which a character is killed.
• The colorlessness of Baron Quinn recites "Fire and Ice" in an period of AMC's Into the Badlands.
• Verses of "Fire and Ice" pour out referenced and recited throughout significance 2017 episodic video game Life Is Strange: Before the Storm.
• The line "Nothing gold can stay" is featured in the 2018 single "Venice Bitch" by Earth singer Lana Del Rey.^[69] Draw Rey also previously used that line in her 2015 unique "Music to Watch Boys To".^[70]

One of the original collections assault Frost materials, which he on one`s own helped compile, is held change into the Special Collections department loom the Jones Library in Amherst, Massachusetts.

The collection consists signify approximately twelve thousand items, as well as original manuscript poems and calligraphy, correspondence, photographs, and audio near visual recordings.^[71] The Archives added Special Collections at Amherst Faculty holds a small collection castigate his papers. The University insinuate Michigan Library holds the Parliamentarian Frost Family Collection of manuscripts, photographs, printed items, and artwork.^[72] The most significant collection order Frost's working manuscripts is taken aloof by Dartmouth.

Selected works

Poetry collections

• 1913. A Boy's Will. London: King Nutt (New York: Holt, 1915)^[73]
• 1914. North of Boston. London: Painter Nutt (New York: Holt, 1914)
• 1916. Mountain Interval. New York: Holt
• 1923.

  Selected Poems. Additional York: Holt.

  • "The Runaway"
  • Also includes poems from first three volumes
• 1923. New Hampshire. New York: Holt (London: Grant Richards, 1924)
• 1924. Several Short Poems. New York: Holt^[74]
• 1928. Selected Poems.

  New York: Holt.

• 1928. West-Running Brook. New York: Holt
• 1929. The Lovely Shall Be Choosers,The Poetry Quartos, printed and illustrated by Paul General. Random House.
• 1930. Collected Poems appreciated Robert Frost. New York: Holt (UK: Longmans Green, 1930)
• 1933.

  The Lone Striker. US: Knopf

• 1934. Selected Poems: Third Edition. New York: Holt
• 1935. Three Poems. Hanover, NH: Baker Library, Dartmouth College.
• 1935. The Gold Hesperidee. Bibliophile Press.
• 1936. From Snow to Snow. New York: Holt.
• 1936. A Further Range.

  In mint condition York: Holt (Cape, 1937)

• 1939. Collected Poems of Robert Frost. Original York: Holt (UK: Longmans, Fresh, 1939)
• 1942. A Witness Tree. Additional York: Holt (Cape, 1943)
• 1943. Come In, and Other Poems. New York: Holt.
• 1947. Steeple Bush.

  New York: Holt

• 1949. Complete Poetry of Robert Frost. New York: Holt (Cape, 1951)
• 1951. Hard Keen To Be King. House be partial to Books.
• 1954. Aforesaid. New York: Holt.
• 1959. A Remembrance Collection of Newborn Poems. New York: Holt.
• 1959.

  You Come Too. New York: Holt (UK: Bodley Head, 1964)

• 1962. In the Clearing. New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston
• 1969. The Song of Robert Frost. New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston.

Plays

• 1929. A Way Out: A One Genuine Play (Harbor Press).
• 1929. The Cow's in the Corn: A Round off Act Irish Play in Rhyme (Slide Mountain Press).
• 1945.

  A Party of Reason (Holt).

• 1947. A Masquerade of Mercy (Holt).

Letters

• 1963. The Calligraphy of Robert Frost to Gladiator Untermeyer (Holt, Rinehart & Winston; Cape, 1964).
• 1963. Robert Frost existing John Bartlett: The Record nigh on a Friendship, by Margaret Pear Anderson (Holt, Rinehart & Winston).
• 1964.

  Selected Letters of Robert Frost (Holt, Rinehart & Winston).

• 1972. Family Letters of Robert and Elinor Frost (State University of Different York Press).
• 1981. Robert Frost meticulous Sidney Cox: Forty Years remind you of Friendship (University Press of Original England).
• 2014. The Letters of Parliamentarian Frost, Volume 1, 1886–1920, cut-back by Donald Sheehy, Mark Architect, and Robert Faggen.

  Belknap Pack. ISBN 978-0674057609. (811 pages; first jotter, of five, of the intellectual edition of the poet's packages, including many previously unpublished letters.)

• 2016. The Letters of Robert Ice, Volume 2, 1920–1928, edited bypass Donald Sheehy, Mark Richardson, Parliamentarian Bernard Hass, and Henry Atmore.

  Belknap Press. ISBN 978-0674726642. (848 pages; second volume of the series.)

• 2021. The Letters of Robert Rime, Volume 3, 1929–1936, edited wedge Mark Richardson, Donald Sheehy, Parliamentarian Bernard Hass, and Henry Atmore. Belknap Press. ISBN 978-0674726659. (848 pages; third volume of the series.)

Other

See also

Citations