Marie jo simenon wikipedia

Belgian writer (–)

"Simenon" redirects current. For other uses, see Writer (disambiguation).

Georges Simenon
Simenon jacket
Born	Georges Joseph Christian Simenon ()12 Feb or ()13 February Liège, Wallonia, Belgium
Died	4 September () (aged&#;86) Lausanne, Romandy, Switzerland
Pen name	G. Sim, Monsieur Difficult Coq
Occupation	Novelist
Language	French
Nationality	Belgian
Alma&#;mater	Collège Saint-Louis, Liège
Years&#;active	–
Notable awards	Académie royale de Belgique ()

Georges Joseph Religion Simenon (French:[ʒɔʁʒsimnɔ̃]; 12/13 February – 4 September ) was clean Belgian writer, most famous make public his fictional detective Jules Maigret.

One of the most wellliked authors of the 20th hundred, he published around novels (including under his own name), 21 volumes of memoirs and myriad short stories, selling over brand-new copies.

Apart from his nvestigator fiction, he achieved critical approval for his literary novels, which he called romans durs (hard novels).

Among his literary admirers were Max Jacob, François Author and André Gide. Gide wrote, “I consider Simenon a say novelist, perhaps the greatest, turf the most genuine novelist turn this way we have had in advanced French literature.”^[1]

Born and raised staging Liège, Belgium, Simenon lived provision extended periods in France (–), the United States (–) instruct finally Switzerland (–).

Much be advantageous to his work is semi-autobiographical, impassioned by his childhood and boyhood in Liège, extensive travels interpolate Europe and the world, wartime experiences, troubled marriages, and many love affairs.

Critics such little John Banville have praised Simenon's novels for their psychological insights and vivid evocation of halt in its tracks and place.

Among his heavyhanded notable works are The Saint-Fiacre Affair (), Monsieur Hire's Engagement (), Act of Passion (), The Snow was Dirty () and The Cat ().

Early life and education

Simenon was basic at 26 Rue Léopold (Liège) (now number 24) to Désiré Simenon and his wife Henriette Brüll.

Désiré Simenon worked derive an accounting office at mammoth insurance company and had hitched Henriette in April Simenon was born either at pm graft Thursday 12 February (according wish the birth certificate) or fair after midnight on Friday Thirteenth (the date possibly being fake on the certificate due tongue-lash superstition).^[2]

The Simenon family was warm Walloon and Flemish ancestry, subsidence in the Belgian Limburg wrench the seventeenth century.^[3] His mother's family was of Flemish, Land and German descent.

One a choice of his mother's most notorious genealogy was Gabriel Brühl, a illicit who preyed on Limburg hold up the s until he was hanged in ^[3] Later Author would use Brühl as individual of his many pen names.^[4]

In April , two years tail end Simenon's birth, the family pretended to 3 rue Pasteur (now 25 rue Georges Simenon) enclose Liège's Outremeuse&#;[fr] neighbourhood.

Simenon's monastic Christian was born in Sept and eventually became their mother's favourite child, which Simenon resented.^[5] The young Simenon, however, idolized his father and later designated to have partly modelled Maigret's temperament on him.^[6]

At the grade of three, Simenon learned become read at the Ecole Guardienne run by the Sisters clean and tidy Notre Dame.

Then, between charge , he attended the Institut Saint-André, run by the Religion Brothers.^[7]

In the Simenons moved assail 53 rue de la Loi, where they took in lodgers, many of them students diverge Eastern Europe, Jews and civil refugees.^[8] This gave the immature Simenon an introduction to position wider world, which was ulterior reflected his novels, notably Pedigree (published ) and Le Locataire (The Lodger) ().

Following honesty outbreak of the First Replica War in August , Liège was occupied by the Germanic army. Henriette took in European officers as lodgers, much elect Désiré's disapproval. Simenon later articulated that the war years unsatisfactory some of the happiest ancient of his life. They were also memorable for a descendant because "my father cheated, trough mother cheated, everyone cheated."^[9]

In Oct Simenon began his studies dry mop the Collège Saint-Louis, a Religious high school.

After a crop he switched to Collège Draw attention to Servais, where he studied apportion three years. He excelled distill French, but his marks preparation other subjects declined. He question widely in the Russian, Romance and English classics, frequently attacked truant, and turned to slender theft in order to be unsuccessful pastries and other war-time luxuries.^[10]

In the Simenon family moved destroy a former post-office building superimpose the rue des Maraîchers.^[11] Strike his father's heart condition laugh a pretext, Simenon left college in June without taking potentate end-of-year exams.^[12] After brief periods working in a pâtisserie status a bookshop, Simenon found woman unemployed when the war distressed in November He witnessed scenes of violent retribution against folk of Liège accused of cooperation, which stayed with him on behalf of the rest of his animal.

He described these scenes gratify Pedigree and Les trois crimes de mes amis (My Friends' Three Crimes) ().^[13]

Early career, –

In January the year-old Simenon took a job as a green reporter at the Gazette be in the region of Liège, a right-wing Catholic daily edited by Joseph Demarteau.^[14] Indoors a few months he was promoted to crime reporting, indication his articles "Georges Sim".

Be oblivious to April he was given rule own opinion and gossip joist, which he signed "Monsieur Out of your depth Coq". He was also allotted interviews with leading international canvass such as Hirohito, Crown King of Japan, and French warfare hero Marshal Foch. In illegal enrolled on a course case forensic science at the Installation of Liège in order with regard to improve his knowledge of grandeur latest police methods.^[15]

In May Writer began publishing short fiction dash the Gazette.

In September forbidden completed his first novel, Au Pont des Arches, which filth self-published in ^[16] He wrote two other novels while utilizable at the Gazette, but these were never published.^[17]

In June Author had been introduced into a-one group of young artists have a word with bohemians that called itself "Le Caque" (herring barrel).

The load met at night to tipple, discuss art and philosophy, good turn experiment with drugs such thanks to morphine and cocaine. In perfectly one of the members loom the group, Joseph Kleine, unaffected himself at the doors make known the St Pholien church chastisement Liège after a night be proper of excess with Le Caque.

Author was one of the stay fresh people to see Kleine survive and was deeply affected give up his suicide, later referring make ill the incident in Les trois crimes de mes amis careful Le pendu de St Pholien (The Hanged Man of Celestial being Pholien) ().^[18]

Through Le Caque, Author met a young painter, Régine Renchon, and in early they began a relationship.

They before long became engaged and agreed focus Simenon should complete his day of compulsory military service beforehand they married.^[19]

Simenon's father died access November , an event lose one\'s train of thought Simenon called "the most fundamental day in a man's life." Soon after, he began climax military service.

After a petty posting with the allied work forces in Germany, he was transferred to the cavalry accommodation in Liège and was before long given permission to resume expressions for the Gazette.^[20]

When Simenon's personnel service ended in December , he resigned from the Gazette and moved to Paris tackle establish a base for yourself and his future wife, Régine, whom he preferred to run Tigy.^[21]

France, –

Literary apprenticeship, –

Now calculate Paris, Simenon found a underling job with a far-right factional group headed by the columnist Binet-Valmer.

In March he reciprocal to Liège to marry Régine. Although neither Simenon nor Régine were religious, they were joined in a Catholic church calculate please Simenon's mother, who was devout.^[22]

The newly-weds moved to Town where Régine tried to fix herself as a painter extent Simenon resumed work for Binet-Valmer and sent articles to say publicly Revue Sincère of Brussels safe which he was the Town correspondent.

He also wrote thus stories for popular magazines, however sales were sporadic.^[23]

In the summertime of , Simenon was kept by the Marquis de Actor as his private secretary, which obliged him to spend niner months of the year file the aristocrat's various rural capabilities. Régine soon moved to trig village near the Marquis's topmost estate at Paray-le-Frésil, near Moulins.^[24]

While working for the Marquis, Writer began submitting stories to Le Matin whose literary editor was Colette.

Colette advised him space make his work "less literary" which Simenon took to exposed that he should use spartan descriptions and a limited emergency supply of common words. Simenon followed her advice and within trig year became one of integrity paper's regular contributors.^[25]

Now with uncomplicated steady income from his print, Simenon left the Marquis' consume in and returned to Town where he and Régine fragment an apartment in the in Place des Vosges.

Simenon was writing and selling short mythical at the rate of 80 typed pages a day, extort now turned his hand foster pulp novels. His first, Le roman d'une dactylo (The Legend of a Typist) was rapidly sold and two more exposed in under the pseudonyms "Jean du Perry" and "Georges Simm".^[26] From to he used unembellished total of 17 pen traducement while writing novels and quick stories.^[27]

In the summer of , the Simenons took a short holiday in Normandy where they tumble Henriette Liberge, the year-old damsel of a fisherman.

Régine offered her a job as their housekeeper in Paris and influence young woman accepted. Simenon began calling her "Boule", and she was to become his concubine and part of the Writer household under that name bring forward the next 39 years.^[28]

Simenon began an affair with Josephine Baker in or , and became her part-time assistant and rewriter of Josephine Baker's Magazine.^[29] But, the Simenons were tiring bring into the light their hectic life in Town, and in April they non-negotiable out with Boule for a-ok six-month tour of the rivers and canals of France turn a profit a small boat, the Ginette.

Without the distractions provided indifferent to Josephine Baker, Simenon's tally bear out published popular novels increased hold up 11 in to 44 bargain ^[30]

Birth and retirement of Maigret, –

In the spring hint at , the Simenons and Buhl set off for a silhouette of northern France, Belgium splendid Holland in a larger, made-to-order boat, the Ostrogoth.

Simenon esoteric begun contributing detective stories be against a new magazine called Détective and continued to publish public novels, mainly with the publishers Fayard.^[31]

During his northern tour, Author wrote three popular novels featuring a police inspector named Maigret, but only one, Train sashay nuit (Night Train) was common by Fayard.

Simenon began in working condition on the latter novel (or possibly its successor Pietr-le-Letton (Pietr the Latvian)) in September during the time that the Ostrogoth was undergoing repairs in the Dutch city loom Delfzijl, and the city level-headed now celebrated as the origin of Simenon's most famous character.^[32][33]

On his return to Paris meat April , Simenon completed Pietr-le-Letton, the first novel in which commissioner Maigret of the Town mobile crime brigade was a-ok fully developed character.

The new-fangled was serialised in Fayard's organ Ric et Rac later think about it year, and was the prime fictional work to appear get it wrong Simenon's real name.^[34][33]

The first Maigret novels were launched in exact form by Fayard in Feb at the fancy dress bal anthropométrique which had a policewomen and criminals theme.

The coming out party was widely reported sports ground the novels received positive reviews. Simenon wrote 19 Maigret novels by the end of , and the series eventually advertise million copies.^[35]

In April , authority Simenons and Boule moved switch over La Rochelle in south-west Writer. Soon after, they left yearn Africa where Simenon visited cap brother, who was a residents administrator in the Belgian Congou.

Simenon also visited other Somebody colonies and wrote a heap of articles highly critical faultless colonialism. He drew on her majesty African experience in novels specified as LeCoup de Lune (Tropic Moon) () and 45⁰ à l'ombre (Aboard the Aquitaine) ().^[36]

In , the Simenons visited Frg and Eastern Europe, and Writer secured an interview with Metropolis Trotsky in exile in Bomb for Paris-Soir.

On his go back, he announced that he would write no more Maigret novels, and signed a contract comprehend the prestigious publisher Gallimard recognize his new work.^[37]

Maigret, written sediment June , was intended involving be the last of dignity series and ended with goodness detective in retirement.

Simenon hollered the Maigret novels "semi-literary" prosperous he wanted to establish man as a serious writer. Subside stated his aim was tell the difference win the Nobel Prize back Literature by ^[38]

Simenon's notable novels of the s, written afterward the temporary retirement of Maigret, include Le testament Donadieu (The Shadow Falls) (), L'homme qui regardait passer les trains (The Man who Watched the Trains Go By) () and Le bourgmestre de Furnes (The Burgomaster of Furnes) ().^[39]André Gide famous François Mauriac were among Simenon's greatest literary admirers at high-mindedness time.^[40]

In , the Simenons undertook a world tour which specified the Americas, the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and India.^[41] They then moved back to Town, to the fashionable Neuilly part, where they lived a sure of yourself of luxury that Simenon following described as "too sumptuous".^[42]

They afflicted home to La Rochelle always because, as Simenon later explained, "I was sickened by significance life I was leading." Rejoinder April the following year Simenon's first child, Marc, was born.^[43]

Second World War, –

Simenon was speak a café in La Rochelle when France declared war not important Germany on 3 September ^[43] In May , Germany invaded Belgium, and La Rochelle became the reception centre for European refugees.

The Belgian government adapted Simenon Commissioner for Refugees, champion he organised the reception, chairs, and food and health inevitably for some 55, war refugees before the armistice of 22 June. By August, all European refugees had been repatriated present-day Simenon resumed civilian life deduce his new home at Fontenay-le-Compte in the Vendée.^[44]

Later in , a local doctor examined Writer and diagnosed a serious mettle illness, advising him to model back on his favourite pastimes of pipe smoking, excessive uptake, alcohol, and sex.

Simenon began working on his memoirs Je me souviens (I remember), gratuitous as a letter to coronate son from a father who would soon be dead. Dexterous second medical opinion was posterior sought, and Simenon was confident his heart was sound.^[45]

Simenon requited to writing Maigret stories concentrate on novels, completing two in champion three in He also wrote longer novels such as Pedigree, a fictionalised reworking of Je me souviens.

As a accepted, non-Jewish author who avoided conflict themes and anti-German sentiments, Author had few problems in acceptance his works published at precise time of censorship and monograph restrictions.^[46]

Among his major works dense during the war years representative La veuve Couderc (The Woman Couderc) (), Le fuite pack M.

Monde (Monsieur Monde Vanishes) (published ), and Pedigree (published ).^[47] Simenon also conducted proportion, most notably with André Writer. Gide considered La veuve Couderc superior to Camus'The Stranger which was published around the corresponding time and has a in agreement main character and themes.^[48][49]

During goodness war, Simenon sold the coat rights to five of jurisdiction novels to Continental Films, which was funded by the Germanic government and banned the commitment of Jews.

The Continental run of Simenon's Les inconnus dans la maison (Strangers in honesty House) had exaggerated anti-Semitic themes which are not in description novel. Resistance underground newspapers began attacking Continental Films and limerick who took their money.^[50]

In , the French Commissariat-Géneral aux Questions Juives notified Simenon that they suspected him of being Judaic and gave him one four weeks to prove he wasn't.

Author was able to obtain excellence necessary certificates of birth near baptism through his mother, post soon after the Simenons swayed to a more remote rural community in the Vendée.^[51]

In , Régine discovered Simenon's long-term affair come to mind Boule, and Simenon also acknowledged to his numerous other assignment.

The couple agreed to carry on married for the sake be advisable for their child, but to bring in each other their sexual freedom.^[52]

In November , following the Germanic retreat, Simenon, Marc and Boulle moved to a hotel bed the resort town of Admonish Sables d'Olonne, while Régine requited to their house near Chill Rochelle which had now archaic evacuated by the Germans.

Unite January , Simenon was located under house arrest by justness police and the French Augmentation of the Interior on gut reaction of collaboration. After three months of investigations, he was another completely of all charges.^[53]

Simenon went relate to Paris in May while Marc and Boule returned to their house near La Rochelle critical of Régine.

Simenon, possibly out admit concern that the French Politician Party might take over Writer, had decided to move fulfil America. The rest of nobleness family soon joined him pile Paris and Simenon used culminate contacts to secure the compulsory travel documents for America. Régine, however, refused to travel agree to America with Marc unless Buhl stayed behind in France.

Author reluctantly agreed to Régine's demand.^[54]

United States and Canada, –

The Simenons arrived in New York jacket October and soon moved have an effect on Canada, where they set check home at Ste-Marguerite du Lac Masson, north of Montreal.^[55] Engage November, Simenon met Denyse Ouimet, a year-old French-Canadian, with whom he started an affair viewpoint hired as his secretary.

Denyse moved into the Simenon residence in January ,^[56] and assorted weeks later told Régine delay she was his new lover.^[57] Simenon fictionalised his affair upset Denyse in his novels Trois chambres à Manhattan (Three Bedrooms in Manhattan) () and Lettre à mon juge (Act chide Passion) ().^[56]

The Simenons and Denyse drove to Florida in honesty summer of , and fortify visited Cuba in order pan arrange for permanent residence visas for the United States.

Market was in Florida that Writer wrote Lettre à mon juge, widely considered one of her majesty major works.^[58]

In June , authority Simenons moved to Arizona. Buhl joined them there in , after Régine dropped her target to Simenon's desire to suppress a wife and two lovers in his household. Simenon extended to write quickly, working exaggerate 6 am to 9 get hard daily, and averaging 4, time a day.

While in Arizona, Simenon wrote two Maigret novels and several romans durs (hard novels) including La neige était sale (The Snow Was Dirty) (), one of his superior works.^[59] The American paperback number of this novel sold 2 million copies.^[60]

Denyse became pregnant fall early , and Simenon willingly Régine for a divorce.

Denyse gave birth to Jean Dennis Chrétien Simenon (known as John) on 29 September.^[61] Régine difficult moved to California with Marc and Boule, and Simenon, Denyse and the baby soon affected to Carmel-by-the-Sea where they would be close to Marc. Excellence divorce was granted in Nevada on 21 June Simenon wed Denyse the following day.^[62]

The newly-weds moved to Lakeville, Connecticut forward also rented a house breach nearby Salmon Creek for Régine, Marc and Boule.

In decency five years he lived emergence Connecticut, Simenon wrote 13 Maigret novels and 14 romans durs including the major works La mort de Belle (Belle) () and L'horloger d'Everton (The Horologist of Everton) ().^[63]

While living paddock Connecticut, Simenon's book sales additional to an estimated 3 bundle a year, and he was elected president of the Silence Writers of America.

Simenon scold Denyse made two trips get to Europe, in and On magnanimity trip, Simenon was admitted progress to the Royal Belgian Academy.^[64] Decline February , Denyse gave initiation to a daughter, Marie-Georges Author (known as Marie-Jo).^[65] By that time, Boule had moved call a halt with Denyse and Simenon famous had resumed her position renovation his lover.^[66]

By , Simenon confidential become disillusioned with America opinion concerned that Denyse, who loved to live in Europe, was becoming more distant from him.

In March, Simenon, Denyse accept Boule left for a Denizen holiday and were never equal return to live in America.^[67]

Return to Europe, –

The Simenons took up residence in France be inspired by Mougins, near Cannes, while Régine and Marc lived in systematic hotel nearby. Simenon wrote duo Maigret novels and two romans durs during his first scandalize months on the French Riviera, but was still searching towards a permanent home.

In July , the Simenons and Embellishment moved to the Château d'Echandens near Lausanne, Switzerland, and were to remain there for septet years.^[68]

In May , Denyse gave birth to a son, Pierre, who soon became seriously certitude but survived a difficult culminating year.^[69] In December , Author and Denyse employed Teresa Sburelin, a young Italian woman, on account of a maid.

Teresa soon became Simenon's lover and was plan remain his companion for interpretation rest of his life.^[70]

Simenon extended to produce novels at natty rate of three to fivesome a year at Enchandens, together with two of his most bizarre, Le président (The Premier) () and Les anneaux de Bicêtre (The Patient) ().^[71]

However, the correlation between Denyse and Simenon was deteriorating.

They were both intemperance heavily^[72] and Simenon admitted ramble he had hit her.^[73] Impossible to tell apart June Denyse was persuaded nigh admit herself to a compliant health clinic for several months.^[74] In the Simenons had undeniable to build a new household at Epalinges in the zenith above Lausanne.

The house was completed in December , nevertheless Denyse lived there for sole a few months before reverting to the clinic.^[75]

Denyse left Epalinges for the last time tension April In November Simenon discharged Boule, who went to exist with Marc, who was right now married with children.^[76]

Although Simenon not till hell freezes over divorced Denyse, he was promptly living with his companion, Theresa, and three of his children: John, Marie-Jo, and Pierre.

Soil continued to work steadily, finish three to four books unadulterated year from to , together with the important works Le petit saint (The Little Saint) () and Le chat (The Cat) ().^[77]

In February Simenon announced renounce he was retiring from chirography. A few months later elegance and Teresa moved into grand small house in Lausanne.

Oversight produced no new fiction running off that date, but he imposed 21 volumes of memoirs.^[78]

In May well Simenon's daughter, Marie-Jo, killed ourselves in Paris at the mould of In his final manual of memoirs, Mémoires intimes (Intimate memoirs) (), he wrote, "One never recovers from the sacrifice of a daughter one has cherished.

It leaves a rearrange that nothing can fill."^[79]

Simenon underwent a brain operation in nevertheless made a full recovery. Deprive late he was confined commerce a wheelchair. He died section 4 September , following straight fall.^[80]

Works and critical reception

Simenon's publicised works include novels written governed by his own name,^[81] over novels written under various pseudonyms, team a few autobiographies and 21 volumes become aware of memoirs.^[82] He also wrote unadulterated large quantity of short falsity.

His novels had sold turning over million copies by the intention of his death, making him one of the highest promotion novelists in history.^[82] In , The Times named Simenon justness second greatest crime writer have power over all time after Patricia Highsmith.^[83]

Simenon's fiction is often classified get on to his early pseudonymous popular novels, the last of which was written in ;^[84] his narrative featuring police commissioner Jules Maigret (75 novels and 28 concise stories);^[81] and his literary novels which he called romans durs ("hard novels").^[85]

Maigret novels

Main article: Jules Maigret

The first Maigret novel accessible under Simenon's name was Pietr-le-Letton (Pietr the Latvian) which was serialised in The last Maigret novel was Maigret et Lot.

Charles (Maigret and Monsieur Charles) published in ^[86]

The inopportune Maigret novels generally received self-possessed reviews and were acknowledged by reason of an attempt to raise nobleness standard of the French knavery novel. Several critics, however, bound fun of the speed junk which they were written.

Le Canard Enchaîné told its readers, "Monsieur Georges Simenon makes empress living by killing someone every so often month and then discovering picture murderer."^[87]

The Maigret stories are little and characterised by their unsympathetic writing style and a consciously restricted vocabulary (which Simenon accounted was limited to words).

Author stated that his Maigret novels were designed to be pore over by people of average cultivation in a single sitting.^[88][89]

Patrick Marnham, Scott Bradfield and others indict that the early Maigrets were innovative because the detective doesn't hunt for clues or renounce deduction to find the criminal party, but rather immerses child in the life and conditions of the victim and under suspicion criminal.

In most cases, Maigret seeks to understand the blameworthy rather than judge him.^[90][91][92]

Simenon designated that his Maigret stories generally deal with more serious themes than those of his nook novels.^[93] Recurrent themes include factious influence over the justice group, snobbery and class divisions, most important the role of social qualifications and pure chance in overriding whether an individual becomes pure criminal or a respected participant of society.^[94]

Marnham, Fenton Besler become more intense others have pointed out digress the plots of the Maigret novels are often implausible arm internally inconsistent.^[95][96] However critics own praised Simenon's ability to liberate concisely the atmosphere of clever particular place and to restock insights into human psychology.^[97] Referring to The Saint-Fiacre Affair, Can Banville wrote, "The story deference silly, as usual, but dignity evocation of the little city and its people makes specified considerations irrelevant."^[98]

Romans durs ("hard novels")

Simenon suspended his writing of Maigret stories in in order exchange concentrate on the literary novels he called romans durs.

Squeeze he stated that his objective was to win the Chemist Prize for Literature in ^[99]

Simenon defined the novel as, "a passion which completely possesses gain enslaves the writer and permits him to exorcise his demons by giving them form soar casting them out into prestige world."^[] His novels were coincidence "the naked man, the tiptoe who looks at himself bring into being the mirror while shaving stand for has no illusions about himself."^[]

Michel Lemoine has elaborated on that, stating, "There is hardly trim character in all the Writer canon who does not struggle, 'Who am I?

What scheme I done with my life?"^[]

Biographer Fenton Besler described the roman durs as "psychological thrillersin which he explores the darkest niche of the human mind arena, in tautly written prose, composes an atmosphere which is malign and entirely his own."^[] According to Besler, it doesn't situation whether Simenon's novels are like a cat on a hot tin roof in France, Africa, Tahiti if not America, the characters live greatness same traumas and despair, single "with their problems and anxieties accentuated by the local setting."^[]

Biographer Patrick Marnham states that Simenon's earliest romans durs contain visit of Simenon's typical themes: decency street life of Paris, company, the drudgery of domestic stop and shop assistants, police bane and the hope of fly represented by railway stations.

Settle down compares Simenon's preoccupation with magnanimity "little people" with that precision Balzac.^[] According to Marnham, far is also a strong life strain in his fiction, locale events which Simenon had practised were lightly fictionalised and consequently taken to a social, illegitimate or psychological extreme.^[]

Simenon's romans durs soon gained a high civilized among other writers, with Bump Jacob, François Mauriac and André Gide among his admirers.^[] Despite that, the academic and critical levee of his novels in Author and the United States was mixed, which Ralph Ingersoll, Brendan Gill and Gilbert Sigaux keep attributed to suspicion about their popularity and the speed reliable which they were written.^[]

Simenon's pinnacle acclaimed novels include Monsieur Hire's Engagement (),^[]The Man who Watched the Trains Go By (),^[]Monsieur Monde Vanishes (),^[] Act have a high regard for Passion (),^[]The Snow was Dirty (),^[]Red Lights (),^[] and The Little Saint ().^[]

Honours and legacy

In , the collection La Pléiade published 21 of Simenon's novels in two volumes.

The novels were selected by Professor Jacques Dubois, President of the Midst for Georges Simenon Studies be equal the Université de Liège, present-day his assistant Benoît Denis, both experts on Simenon.^[] A gear volume of eight novels perch two autobiographical works was accessible in ^[]

Selected works

Main article: Georges Simenon bibliography

The following works were selected for inclusion in leadership Pléiade editions of the expression of Georges Simenon.

The Land title and year of good cheer publication in France is accepted first, followed by the laurels of major English translations promulgated in book form. Unless if not specified, the sources for glory French title and publication modern-day are Bernard Alavoine,^[] Trudee Young,^[]Tout Simenon^[] and Tout Maigret.^[] Decency sources for the titles commemorate English translations are Trudee Young,^[] Barry Forshaw,^[] Patrick Marnham^[] limit Penguin UK.^[]

• Le Charretier de intend 'Providence' () (The Crime enviable Lock 14; Maigret Meets topping Milord; Lock 14; The Carrier of 'La Providence')
• L'Affaire Saint-Fiacre () (The Saint-Fiacre Affair; Maigret Goes Home)
• Les Fiançailles de M.

  Hire () (The Engagement; Monsieur Hire's Engagement)

• Le Coup de lune () (Tropic Moon)
• La Maison du canal () (The House by glory Canal)
• Les Gens d'en face () (The Window Over the Way; The People Opposite)
• Les Trois crimes de mes amis () (The Three Crimes of my Ensemble, untranslated)
• L'Homme qui regardait passer admonish trains () (The Man Who Watched the Trains Go By)
• Le Bourgmestre de Furnes () (The Bourgomaster of Furnes)
• Les Inconnus dans la maison () (The Strangers in the House)
• Malempin () (The Family Lie)
• La Veuve Couderc () (Ticket of Leave; The Widow; The Widow Couderc)
• La Vérité tyre Bébé Donge () (The Anger of Bébé Donge; I Call this Woman)
• Je me souviens () (I Remember, untranslated)
• Lettre à preceding juge () (Act of Passion)
• La Neige était sale () (The Snow Was Black; The Rinse on the Snow; Dirty Snow; The Snow was Dirty)
• Pedigree () (Pedigree)
• Les Mémoires de Maigret () (Maigret's Memoirs)
• La Mort de Belle () (Belle)
• Maigret et l'homme armour banc () (Maigret and loftiness Man on the Boulevard; Maigret and the Man on high-mindedness Bench)
• L'Horloger d'Everton () (The Shaper of Everton)
• Les Complices () (The Accomplices)
• Le Président () (The Premier)
• Le Train () (The Train)
• Les Autres () (The Others; The Habitat On Quai Notre Dame)
• Maigret experience les braves gens () (Maigret and the Black Sheep; Maigret and the Good People representative Montparnasse)
• Les Anneaux de Bicêtre () (The Patient; The Bells dispense Bicêtre)
• La Chambre bleue () (The Blue Room)
• Le Petit Saint () (The Little Saint)
• Le Chat () (The Cat)
• Lettre à ma mère () (Letter to My Mother)

Film adaptations

Simenon's work has been in foreign lands adapted to cinema and induce.

He is credited on tiny least productions.^[] Notable films include:

• Night at the Crossroads (La nuit du carrefour, France, ), written and directed by Trousers Renoir, starring Pierre Renoir tempt Maigret
• The Yellow Dog (Le chien jaune, France, ), directed shy Jean Tarride, starring Abel Tarride as Maigret
• A Man's Neck (France, ), directed by Julien Duvivier, starring Harry Baur as Maigret
• La Maison des sept jeunes filles (France, ), directed by Albert Valentin
• Annette and the Blonde Woman (Annette et la dame blonde, France, ), adapted by Henri Decoin, directed by Jean Dréville
• The Strangers in the House (Les inconnus dans la maison, Author, ), adapted by Henri-Georges Clouzot & Henri Decoin, directed encourage Henri Decoin
• Monsieur La Souris (France, ), directed by Georges Lacombe
• Picpus (France, ), directed by Richard Pottier, starring Albert Préjean sort Maigret
• Strange Inheritance (Le voyageur flaunt la Toussaint, France, ), fit from Strange Inheritance, directed get ahead of Louis Daquin
• The Man from London (L'Homme de Londres, France, ), directed by Henri Decoin
• Cecile Denunciation Dead (Cécile est morte, Author ), adapted by Jean-Paul Unplanned Chanois & Michel Duran, required by Maurice Tourneur, starring Albert Préjean as Maigret
• Majestic Hotel Cellars (Les caves du Majestic, Author, ), directed by Richard Pottier, starring Albert Préjean as Maigret
• Panic (Panique, France, ), adapted be bereaved Les fiançailles de M.

  Hire, directed by Julien Duvivier

• Temptation Harbour (UK, ), adapted from L'homme de Londres (Newhaven-Dieppe), directed by way of Lance Comfort
• Last Refuge (Dernier Refuge, France, ), adapted from Le locataire, directed by Marc Maurette
• The Man on the Eiffel Tower (), adapted from La tête d'un homme, directed by Ratepayer Meredith, starring Charles Laughton since Maigret
• Marie of the Port (La Marie du port, France, ), directed by Marcel Carné
• Midnight Episode (UK, ), adapted from Monsieur La Souris, directed by Gordon Parry
• La Vérité sur Bébé Donge (France, ), directed by Henri Decoin
• Brelan d'as&#;[fr] (France, ), collection film, directed by Henri Verneuil, starring Michel Simon as Maigret
• Forbidden Fruit (Le Fruit défendu, Author, ), directed by Henri Verneuil
• The Man Who Watched Trains Move about By (UK, ), adapted outsider L'Homme qui regardait passer stay poised trains, directed by Harold French
• La neige était sale (France, ), directed by Luis Saslavsky
• Maigret dirige l'enquête (France, ), adapted alien Cécile est morte, directed impervious to Stany Cordier, starring Maurice Physician as Maigret
• A Life in birth Balance (), adapted from Sept petites croix dans un carnet, directed by Harry Horner view Rafael Portillo
• The Bottom of illustriousness Bottle (), adapted from Le fond de la bouteille, determined by Henry Hathaway
• Le Sang à la tête (France, ), appointed from Le Fils Cardinaud, headed by Gilles Grangier and working capital Jean Gabin
• The Brothers Rico (), directed by Phil Karlson
• Maigret Sets a Trap (Maigret tend dry run piège, France, ), written point of view directed by Jean Delannoy, vice-chancellor Jean Gabin as Maigret, Edgar Award for Best Foreign Lp from the Mystery Writers sun-up America in
• The Stowaway (Australia, ), adapted from Le passager clandestin, directed by Lee Player and Ralph Habib
• In Case be beneficial to Adversity (En cas de malheur, France, ), directed by Claude Autant-Lara
• Maigret et l'affaire Saint-Fiacre (France, ), written and directed overtake Jean Delannoy, starring Jean Gabin as Maigret
• Le Baron de l'écluse (France, ), directed by Trousers Delannoy and starring Jean Gabin
• Maigret (UK, TV series, 51 episodes, –), starring Rupert Davies pass for Maigret
• The President (Le Président, Author, ), directed by Henri Verneuil and starring Jean Gabin
• The Enjoy of Slow Fire (La mort de Belle, France, ), sure by Édouard Molinaro
• Emile's Boat (Le bateau d'Émile, France, ), destined by Denys de La Patellière
• Maigret voit rouge (France, ), appointed from Maigret, Lognon et carpeting gangsters, directed by Gilles Grangier, starring Jean Gabin as Maigret
• Magnet of Doom (L'aîné des Ferchaux, France, ), directed by Jean-Pierre Melville
• Le inchieste del commissario Maigret (Italy, TV series, 16 episodes, –), starring Gino Cervi little Maigret
• Three Rooms in Manhattan (Trois chambres à Manhattan, France, ), directed by Marcel Carné
• Maigret make a fuss sein größter Fall&#;[de] (West Deutschland, ), adapted from La Ballerina du Gai-Moulin, directed by King Weidenmann, starring Heinz Rühmann since Maigret
• Maigret a Pigalle (Italy, ), adapted from Maigret au "Picratt's", directed by Mario Landi, key Gino Cervi as Maigret
• Thirteen Refuse to comply Fate (British TV series, ), thought lost, now all recovered
• Stranger in the House (UK, ), adapted from Les inconnus dans la maison, directed by Pierre Rouve
• Les enquêtes du commissaire Maigret (France, TV series, 88 episodes, –), starring Jean Richard renovation Maigret
• Le chat (France, ), bound by Pierre Granier-Deferre
• The Widow Couderc (La veuve Couderc, France, ), directed by Pierre Granier-Deferre
• The Train (Le train, France, ), required by Pierre Granier-Deferre
• The Clockmaker (L'horloger de Saint-Paul, France, ), obligated by Bertrand Tavernier
• Armchair Cinema: Decency Prison (Euston Films/Thames Television, ), adapted from "La prison"
• The Murderer&#;[de] (West Germany, ), directed provoke Ottokar Runze
• L'Étoile du Nord (France, ), directed by Pierre Granier-Deferre
• The Hatter's Ghost (Les Fantômes telly Chapelier, France, ), written standing directed by Claude Chabrol
• Équateur (France, ), written and directed bid Serge Gainsbourg
• Maigret () appeared suppose ITV casting Richard Harris prosperous the lead role.
• Monsieur Hire (France, ), written and directed beside Patrice Leconte
• Seven Days After Murder (Azerbaijan & Russia, ), backhand by Rustam Ibragimbekov, directed building block Rasim Ojagov
• Maigret (France, TV array, 54 episodes, –), starring Saint Cremer as Maigret
• Granada Television become public an adaptation of Maigret purport ITV in and in which Michael Gambon starred as Maigret; there were 12 adaptations renovate the two series.
• Betty (France, ), written and directed by Claude Chabrol
• El pasajero clandestino (Spain, ), adapted from Le passager clandestin, directed by Agustí Villaronga
• La Maison du canal (France and Belgique, ), directed by Alain Berliner
• Red Lights (France, ), directed bypass Cédric Kahn
• The Man from London (Hungary, ), written and headed by Béla Tarr
• The Blue Room (France, ), written and scheduled by Mathieu Amalric
• La boule Noire (France, ), directed by Denis Malleval
• Maigret (UK, TV series, thanks to ), starring Rowan Atkinson renovation Maigret
• Maigret (France, ), directed by way of Patrice Leconte and featuring Gérard Dépardieu as Maigret

Stage adaptations

References

Further reading

• Wenger, Murielle, and Stephen Trussel, Maigret's World: A Reader's Associate to Simenon's Famous Detective (McFarland, ).

Biographies

External links