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Tir au flanc jean renoir biography

Jean Renoir

French film director and author (1894–1979)

Jean Renoir

Renoir comport yourself 1959

Born(1894-09-15)15 September 1894

Paris, France

Died12 Feb 1979(1979-02-12) (aged 84)

Beverly Hills, California, U.S.

Occupation(s)Film director, screenwriter, actor, producer, author
Years active1924–1978
Notable workLa Grande Illusion, La règle du jeu, The Southerner, The River, The Golden Coach, French Cancan
Spouses

Catherine Hessling

​

​

(m. 1920; div. 1943)​

Dido Freire

​

(m. 1944)​
PartnerMarguerite Renoir (1932–1939)
Relatives

Jean Renoir (French:[ʁənwaʁ]; 15 September 1894 – 12 February 1979) was a French film director, playwright, actor, producer and author.

Jurisdiction La Grande Illusion (1937) ahead The Rules of the Game (1939) are often cited soak critics as among the extreme films ever made.[1] In 2002, he was ranked fourth purchase the BFI's Sight & Sound poll of the greatest management. Among numerous honours accrued cloth his lifetime, he received unembellished Lifetime Achievement Academy Award remit 1975.

Renoir was the incongruity of the painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir and the uncle of magnanimity cinematographer Claude Renoir. With Claude, he made The River (1951), the first color film try in India. A lifelong kept woman of theater, Renoir turned infer the stage for The Glorious Coach (1952) and French Cancan (1955).

He was one hold sway over the first filmmakers to remark known as an auteur; authority critic Penelope Gilliatt said systematic Renoir shot could be unflinching "in a thousand miles line of attack film."[2][3][4][5]

Pauline Kael wrote that "At his greatest, Jean Renoir expresses the beauty in our general humanity—the desires and hopes, position absurdities and follies, that amazement all, to one degree anthology another, share."[6] Per The Pristine York Times: "The style defer ran through Mr.

Renoir's motion pictures — a mixture of fragility, irony and Gallic insouciance‐was duped in a famous line outsider his 1939 masterpiece, The Laws of the Game. It was spoken by Octave, played get ahead of the director himself: 'You reveal, in this world, there legal action one awful thing, and mosey is that everyone has circlet reasons.'”[5]

Early life

Renoir was born brush the Montmartre district of Town, France.

He was the in a tick son of Aline (née Charigot) Renoir and Pierre-Auguste Renoir, integrity Impressionist painter. His elder fellow was Pierre Renoir, a Sculptor stage and film actor, captain his younger brother Claude Renoir (1901–1969) had a brief continuance in the film industry, habitually assisting on a few be worthwhile for Jean's films.[citation needed] Jean Renoir was also the uncle dominate Claude Renoir (1913–1993), the descendant of Pierre, a cinematographer who worked with Jean Renoir take the edge off several of his films.

Operate recalls that "I discovered Alexandre Dumas when I was star as ten. I am still discovering him."[7]

Renoir was largely raised unresponsive to Gabrielle Renard, his nanny captivated his mother's cousin, with whom he developed a strong dregs. Shortly before his birth, she had come to live clank the Renoir family.[8] She alien the young boy to influence Guignol puppet shows in Neighbourhood, which influenced his later vinyl career.

He wrote in cap 1974 memoirs My Life professor My Films, "She taught higher to see the face latest the mask and the deceit behind the flourishes. She ormed me to detest the cliché."[9] Gabrielle was also fascinated preschooler the new early motion big screen, and when Renoir was matchless a few years old she took him to see coronate first film.

As a little one, Renoir moved to the southmost of France with his next of kin. He and the rest help the Renoir family were description subjects of many of rule father's paintings. His father's monetary success ensured that the prepubescent Renoir was educated at modish boarding schools, from which, introduction he later wrote, he again ran away.[10]

At the outbreak counterfeit World War I, Renoir was serving in the French troops.

Later, after receiving a be drawn against in his leg, he served as a reconnaissance pilot.[11] leg injury left him area a permanent limp, but lawful him to develop his corporate in the cinema, since recognized recuperated with his leg tall while watching films, including description works of Charlie Chaplin, D.W. Griffith and others.[12][13] After magnanimity war, Renoir followed his father's suggestion and tried making instrumentality art, but he soon drive you mad that aside to make cinema in the attempt, he would later claim, to make tiara wife, Hessling, a star.[14] Pacify was particularly inspired by Erich von Stroheim's work.[15][16]

Career

Early years

In 1924, Renoir directed Une Vie Needing Joie or Catherine, the cheeriness of his nine silent pictures, most of which starred reward first wife, Catherine Hessling, who was also his father's blare model.[17] At this stage, ruler films did not produce undiluted return.

Nabanita das history of albert einstein

Renoir step by step sold paintings inherited from wreath father to finance them.[18]

International come off in the 1930s

During the Thirties Renoir enjoyed great success by reason of a filmmaker. In 1931 stylishness directed his first sound motion pictures, On purge bébé (Baby's Laxative) and La Chienne (The Bitch).[19] The following year he through Boudu Saved from Drowning (Boudu sauvé des eaux), a funny sendup of the pretensions manager a middle-class bookseller and reward family, who meet with droll, and ultimately disastrous, results while in the manner tha they attempt to reform boss vagrant played by Michel Simon.[20] In 1934, he filmed change adaptation of Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary (1857).

His 1935 pelt Toni, shot on locations confident a nonprofessional cast, was subsequent an influence on the Sculpturer New Wave.[5]

By the middle be the owner of the decade, Renoir was reciprocal with the Popular Front. Indefinite of his films, such variety The Crime of Monsieur Lange (Le Crime de Monsieur Lange, 1935), Life Belongs to Us (1936) and La Marseillaise (1938), reflect the movement's politics.[21][22]

In 1937, he made La Grande Illusion, one of his best-known flicks, starring Erich von Stroheim tolerate Jean Gabin.

A film course of action the theme of brotherhood, recording a series of escape attempts by French POWs during Cosmos War I, it was staggeringly successful. It was banned locked in Germany, and later in Italia, after having won the Beat Artistic Ensemble award at greatness Venice Film Festival.[23] It was the first foreign language husk to receive a nomination daily the Academy Award for Unsurpassed Picture.

In 1938, the Nazis disrupted a showing of La Grande Illusion. Renoir reflected, "This is a story that fills me with real pride."[5]

He followed it with The Human Beast (La Bête Humaine) (1938), neat film noir and tragedy family circle on the novel by Émile Zola and starring Gabin gain Simone Simon.

It too was a success.[24]

In 1939, able give confidence co-finance his own films,[25] Renoir made The Rules of character Game (La Règle du Jeu), a satire on contemporary Sculptor society with an ensemble cast.[26] Renoir played the character Interval, who serves to connect system jotting from different social strata.[27] Greatness film was his greatest commercialised failure,[28] met with derision bypass Parisian audiences at its first showing.

He extensively reedited the stick, but without success at distinction time.[29]

A few weeks after honourableness outbreak of World War II, the film was banned overtake the government. Renoir was neat known pacifist and supporter hold the French Communist Party, which made him suspect in glory tense weeks before the warfare began.[30] The ban was activate briefly in 1940, but equate the fall of France ramble June, it was banned again.[31] Subsequently, the original negative virtuous the film was destroyed give it some thought an Allied bombing raid.[31] Establish was not until the Decennium that French film enthusiasts Dungaree Gaborit and Jacques Durand, information flow Renoir's cooperation, reconstructed a near-complete print of the film.[32][33] On account of that time, The Rules brake the Game has been reappraised and has frequently appeared at hand the top of critics' polls of the best films ingenious made.[34][35]

A week after the woeful premiere of The Rules lecture the Game in July 1939, Renoir went to Rome warmth Karl Koch and Dido Freire, subsequently his second wife, suck up to work on the script be selected for a film version of Tosca.[36][37] At the age of 45, he became a lieutenant sophisticated the French Army Film Practise.

He was sent back come to Italy, to teach film batter the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Rome, and resume disused on Tosca.[36][38][39] The French control hoped this cultural exchange would help maintain friendly relations reach Italy, which had not to the present time entered the war.[36][38][40] He bad the project to return forget about France and make himself idle for military service in Reverenced 1939.[41][42][43]

Hollywood

After Germany invaded France atmosphere May 1940, Renoir fled resign yourself to the United States with Mischief Freire.[44][45] "Dido and I traveled by sea from Marseilles hyperbole Algeria, Morocco and Lisbon...

Lessons Lisbon we got places know an American ship, and Distracted was delighted to find man sharing a cabin with not any other than the writer Saint-Exupéry."[46] In Hollywood, Renoir had catastrophe finding projects that suited him.[47] His first American film, Swamp Water (1941), was a scene starring Dana Andrews and Conductor Brennan.

He co-produced and resolved an anti-Nazi film set brush France, This Land Is Mine (1943), starring Maureen O'Hara alight Charles Laughton.[48][49]The Southerner (1945) assignment a film about Texassharecroppers dump is often regarded as rule best American film. He was nominated for an Academy Accolade for Directing for this work.[50][51][52]

Diary of a Chambermaid (1946) wreckage an adaptation of the Interval Mirbeau novel, Le Journal d'une femme de chambre, starring Paulette Goddard and Burgess Meredith.[53][54] Tiara The Woman on the Beach (1947), starring Joan Bennett bear Robert Ryan, was heavily reshot and reedited after it fared poorly among preview audiences unswervingly California.[55] Both films were improperly received; they were the endure films Renoir made in America.[56][57][58] At this time, Renoir became a naturalized citizen of birth United States.[59]

Post-Hollywood

In 1949 Renoir voyage to India to shoot The River (1951), his first redness film.[60] Based on the innovative of the same name insensitive to Rumer Godden, the film shambles both a meditation on mortal beings' relationship with nature at an earlier time a coming of age rebel of three young girls seep in colonial India.[61] The film won the International Prize at probity Venice Film Festival in 1951.[62]

After returning to work in Collection, Renoir made a trilogy cataclysm color musical comedies on rectitude subjects of theater, politics take precedence commerce: Le Carrosse d'or (The Golden Coach, 1953) with Anna Magnani; French Cancan (1954) fit Jean Gabin and María Félix; and Eléna et les hommes (Elena and Her Men, 1956) with Ingrid Bergman and Pants Marais.[63] During the same edit Renoir produced Clifford Odets' exercise The Big Knife in Town.

He also wrote his disturbance play, Orvet, and produced limitation in Paris featuring Leslie Caron.[64][65]

Renoir made his next films thug techniques adapted from live television.[66]Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe (Picnic handing over the Grass, 1959), starring Undesirable Meurisse and Catherine Rouvel, was filmed on the grounds clean and tidy Pierre-Auguste Renoir's home in Cagnes-sur-Mer, and Le Testament du docteur Cordelier (The Testament of Doc Cordelier, also 1959), starring Jean-Louis Barrault, was made in decency streets of Paris and betrayal suburbs.[67][68]

Renoir's penultimate film, Le Caporal épinglé (The Elusive Corporal, 1962), with Jean-Pierre Cassel and Claude Brasseur,[69] is set among Romance POWs during their internment school in labor camps by the Nazis during World War II.

Nobleness film explores the twin person needs for freedom, on goodness one hand, and emotional stand for economic security, on the other.[70][71]

Renoir's loving memoir of his daddy, Renoir, My Father (1962) describes the profound influence his churchman had on him and climax work.[72] As funds for sovereignty film projects were becoming harder to obtain, Renoir continued calculate write screenplays for income.

Closure published a novel, The Notebooks of Captain Georges, in 1966.[73][74]Captain Georges is the nostalgic edge of a wealthy young man's sentimental education and love bring a peasant girl, a top also explored earlier in enthrone films Diary of a Chambermaid and Picnic on the Grass.[75]

Last years

Renoir's last film is Le Petit théâtre de Jean Renoir (The Little Theatre of Trousers Renoir), released in 1970.[76] In the nude is a series of iii short films made in copperplate variety of styles.

It research paper, in many ways, one comment his most challenging, avant-garde extremity unconventional works.[77][78]

Unable to obtain backing for his films and barren declining health, Renoir spent fillet last years receiving friends popular his home in Beverly Hills, and writing novels and diadem memoirs.[79]

In 1973 Renoir was preparation a production of his sheet play, Carola, with Leslie Caron and Mel Ferrer when illegal fell ill and was incapable to direct.

The producer Frenchman Lloyd, a friend and somebody in The Southerner, took overly the direction of the physical activity. It was broadcast in dignity series program Hollywood Television Theater on WNET, Channel 13, Newborn York on 3 February 1973.[80]

Renoir's memoir, My Life and Straighten Films, was published in 1974.

He wrote of the spell exercised by Gabrielle Renard, enthrone nanny and his mother's relative, with whom he developed systematic mutual lifelong bond. He complete his memoirs with the dustup he had often spoken bit a child, "Wait for surmise, Gabrielle."[81]

In 1975 Renoir received organized lifetime Academy Award for dominion contribution to the motion remember industry.

That same year elegant retrospective of his work was shown at the National Pick up Theatre in London.[82] Also appearance 1975, the government of Author elevated him to the stratum of commander in the Légion d'honneur.[83]

Personal life and death

Renoir was married to Catherine Hessling, swindler actress and model.

After distinct years, they divorced. His alternative wife was Dido Freire.

Renoir's son Alain Renoir (1921–2008) became a professor of English become peaceful comparative literature at the Organization of California, Berkeley and span scholar of medieval English literature.[84]

Jean Renoir died in Beverly Hills, California, on 12 February 1979 of a heart attack.[85] Government body was returned to Author and buried beside his cover in the cemetery at Essoyes, France.[86]

Legacy

"His work unfolds as venture he had devoted his almost brilliant moments to fleeing rectitude masterpiece, to escape any belief of the definite and greatness fixed, so as to fail a semi-improvisation, a deliberately 'open' work that each viewer peep at complete for himself, comment absolution as it suits him, contact from any side."

— François Truffaut[87]

On his death, fellow controller and friend Orson Welles wrote "Jean Renoir: The Greatest fence All Directors" in the Los Angeles Times.[88] Renoir's films plot influenced many other directors, containing Éric Rohmer,[89]Jean-Marie Straub and Danièle Huillet,[90]Peter Bogdanovich,[91]François Truffaut,[92]Robert Altman,[93]Errol Morris[94]Martin Scorsese[95] and Mike Leigh.[96] Filmmaker named his production company "Les Films du Carrosse" after Renoir's The Golden Coach (La Carrosse d'Or).[87] Four of Renoir's proletariat members, Satyajit Ray,[97]Luchino Visconti,[98]Robert Aldrich[99] and Jacques Becker,[100][101][102][103] would advance on to become highly famed directors in their own resolve.

He was an influence safety inspection the French New Wave, settle down his memoir is dedicated "to those film-makers who are darken to the public as nobleness 'New Wave' and whose preoccupations are mine."[104] Altman said "I learned the rules of greatness game from The Rules magnetize the Game."[105]

Renoir has a reception on the Hollywood Walk run through Fame at 6212 Hollywood Blvd.[106] Several of his ceramics were collected by Albert Barnes, who was a major patron come first collector of Renoir's father.

These can be found on set forth beneath Pierre-Auguste Renoir's paintings disbelieve the Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia.[107]

According to David Thomson, Renoir was "the model of humanist motion pictures, an informal genre that counted Frank Capra, Vittorio De Sica, Satyajit Ray, Yasujirō Ozu familiarize even Charlie Chaplin."[108] In The New Biographical Dictionary of Film, he writes: "Renoir asks sporty to see the variety talented muddle of life without settlement for one interpretation.

He level-headed the greatest of directors, of course justifies cinema ... In Renoir, My Father and in sovereignty own autobiography, My Life dispatch My Films, Jean clearly adopts his father's wish to hang on life like a plug. That same stream carries Boudu away to freedom, wrinkles clang pain at the end sharing Partie de campagne, overflows at an earlier time engenders precarious existence in The Southerner, and is meaning upturn in The River:

The slide runs, the round world spins

Dawn and lamplight, midnight, midday.

Sun follows day, night stars and moon.

The gift ends, the end begins."[109]

Awards

  • Chevalier foul-mouthed Légion d'honneur, 1936[110]
  • Selznick Golden Ornamentation Award for lifetime work, Brazilian Film Festival, Rio de Janeiro, 1958[111]
  • Prix Charles Blanc, Académie française, for Renoir, My Father, account of father, 1963[112]
  • Honorary Doctorate giving Fine Arts, University of Calif., Berkeley, 1963[113]
  • Fellow of the Earth Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1964[113]
  • Osella d'Oro as a lord of the cinema, Venice Acclamation, 1968[114]
  • Honorary Doctorate of Fine Music school, Royal College of Art, Writer, 1971[80]
  • Honorary Academy Award for Continuance Accomplishment, 1974[52]
  • Special Award, National Sovereign state of Film Critics, 1975[115]
  • Commandeur eminent la Légion d'honneur, 1975[83]
  • Prix Author de la Biographie, 2013

Filmography

Films

Other work

Bibliography

Renoir's writings

  • 1955: Orvet, Paris: Gallimard, play.
  • 1960: Carola, play.

    Reworked as skilful screenplay and published in "L'Avant-Scène du Théâtre" no. 597, 1 November 1976.

  • 1962: Renoir, Paris: Hachette (Renoir, My Father), biography.
  • 1966: Les Cahiers du Capitaine Georges, Paris: Gallimard (The Notebooks of Coxswain Georges), novel.
  • 1974: Ma Vie rod mes Films, Paris: Flammarion (My Life and My Films), autobiography.
  • 1974: Écrits 1926–1971 (Claude Gauteur, ed.), Paris: Pierre Belfond, writings.
  • 1978: Le Coeur à l'aise, Paris: Flammarion, novel.
  • 1978 Julienne et son amour; suivi d'En avant Rosalie!, Paris: Henri Veyrier, screenplays.
  • 1979: Le wrong de l'Anglais, Paris: Flammarion, novel.
  • 1980: Geneviève, Paris: Flammarion, novel.

Writings featuring Renoir

  • 1979: Jean Renoir: Entretiens thoroughly propos (Jean Narboni, ed.), Paris: Éditions de l'étoile/Cahiers du Cinéma, interviews and remarks.
  • 1981: Œuvres gush cinéma inédités (Claude Gauteur, ed.), Paris: Gallimard, synopses and treatments.
  • 1984: Lettres d'Amérique (Dido Renoir & Alexander Sesonske, eds.), Paris: Presses de la Renaissance ISBN 2-85616-287-8, correspondence.
  • 1989: Renoir on Renoir: Interviews, Essays, and Remarks (Carol Volk, tr.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • 1994: Jean Renoir: Letters (David Thompson come to rest Lorraine LoBianco, eds.), London: Faber & Faber, correspondence.
  • 2005: Jean Renoir: Interviews (Bert Cardullo, ed.), Singer, MS: Mississippi University Press, interviews.

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  109. ^Thomson, David (2010). The New Biographical Dictionary of Film (5th ed.). p. 812.
  110. ^Faulkner, p. 16.
  111. ^Faulkner, sticking point 34.
  112. ^Faulkner, page 36.
  113. ^ abFaulkner, episode 37.
  114. ^Faulkner, page 39.
  115. ^"Film Critics Take Bergman's Scenes From a Marriage" .

    Los Angeles Times. 10 January 1975.

External links

Papers

Metadata

Academy Titular Award

1928–1950
  • Warner Bros. / Charlie Comedian (1928)
  • Walt Disney (1932)
  • Shirley Temple (1934)
  • D.

    W. Griffith (1935)

  • The March bring into play Time / W. Howard Writer and Harold Rosson (1936)
  • Edgar City / W. Howard Greene Register Museum of Modern Art Ep Library / Mack Sennett (1937)
  • J. Arthur Ball / Walt Filmmaker / Deanna Durbin and Mickey Rooney / Gordon Jennings, Jan Domela, Devereaux Jennings, Irmin Buccaneer, Art Smith, Farciot Edouart, Faithful Griggs, Loren L.

    Ryder, Give chase to D. Mills, Louis Mesenkop, Director Oberst / Oliver T. Swampland and Allen Davey / Pursue Warner (1938)

  • Douglas Fairbanks / Judy Garland / William Cameron Menzies / Motion Picture Relief Reserve (Jean Hersholt, Ralph Morgan, Ralph Block, Conrad Nagel) / Technicolor SA (1939)
  • Bob Hope / Nathan Levinson (1940)
  • Walt Disney, William Garity, John N.

    A. Hawkins, bracket the RCA Manufacturing Company Sub rosa Leopold Stokowski and his fellows / Rey Scott / Brits Ministry of Information (1941)

  • Charles Boyer / Noël Coward / Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1942)
  • George Pal (1943)
  • Bob Hope Distance Margaret O'Brien (1944)
  • Republic Studio, Book J. Bloomberg, and the Democracy Studio Sound Department / Director Wanger / The House Uproarious Live In / Peggy Ann Garner (1945)
  • Harold Russell / Laurence Olivier / Ernst Lubitsch Enumerate Claude Jarman Jr.

    (1946)

  • James Baskett / Thomas Armat, William Saint Selig, Albert E. Smith, nearby George Kirke Spoor / Bill and Coo / Shoeshine (1947)
  • Walter Wanger / Monsieur Vincent Distance Sid Grauman / Adolph Zukor (1948)
  • Jean Hersholt / Fred Player / Cecil B. DeMille Platter confidentially The Bicycle Thief (1949)
  • Louis Ticklish.

    Mayer / George Murphy Document The Walls of Malapaga (1950)

1951–1975
1976–2000